The Giant Panda essays

The Giant Panda essays In the Earth ¡Ã‚ ¯s ecosystem, many species of animals live with mutual cooperation and influence on each other. For example, mankind benefits as much 2.9 trillion dollars from biological diversity. Despite this benefit, however, because of the paucity of awareness of environmental importance, many species are endangered. According to the statistics, the problems of the ecosystem are serious; three species per hour and 20-40 thousands species per year become endangered. China, well known for its variety of climate conditions and its abundant topography, is also faced with the problem of endangered species. Especially, in the case of the giant panda, the emblem of China, China makes an effort to protect pandas. For many reasons, the panda is endangered. First of all, the most important problem of the panda is its copulation habit. Actually, the female and male panda have a different estrous cycle. The female panda ruts from April to May; however, the male panda ruts two or three months later. Therefore, pandas have low ability to copulate. In addition, the panda usually reproduces its kind with two babies per three years. Second, the other important problem is the reduction and destruction of the panda ¡Ã‚ ¯s habitat. The panda lives in a forest and marshy place. However, the panda ¡Ã‚ ¯s habitats fall behind in quality due to the large scale forest clearing and the inordinate grazing. For example, Hyenam, one of the panda ¡Ã‚ ¯s habitats in China, showed the decline of the panda ¡Ã‚ ¯s habitat from 25.7% to 7.2% during 27 years. Indeed, the environmental pollution of land, water, and air makes the panda leave its habitat to find its new suitable places for living. Finally, excessive capturing caused by man is also a big problem of the panda. In Asia, the blood of some animals is well known as a good tonic. So many rich men want to have it, even though they pay lots of money; the panda has this blood. I ...

Free Essays on Renault & Nissan Joint Venture

Since the 1980's, and even more now in the late nineties, it has become a growing trend for companies, both large and small, domestic and foreign, to form strategic alliances within their particular industries. There are many specific goals that companies may be looking to achieve by dong this, but the main underlying reason is to guarantee the long-term sustained achievement of "fast profitable growth" for their business. They have to keep up with a rapidly increasing diversified global market and increased competition. Renault and Nissan join forces to achieve profitable growth for both companies†¦ On Saturday, March 27th, it was announced that Renault, a French car manufacturer, would be teaming up with Nissan Motor Corporation in a $5.4 billion deal that created the world's fourth largest automaker. This deal gives Renault a 36.8% stake in Nissan, a company that has been struggling financially for the past few years. "The $5.4 billion deal between Renault and Nissan hands over effective control to the French automaker in exchange for badly needed cash" (Wwodruf). There are other agreements within the contract, but they will not be discussed in much detail at this time. Both of these corporations plan on benefiting from the merger. This alliance will resolve Nissans very substantial financial problems. Renault will be given the opportunity to join the automotive big leagues at a time of global expansion in the auto industry (Marks). Market expansion will be possible because Nissan is strong i n Japan, Taiwan, Thailand and North America- markets where Renault has no presence. On the other hand, Renault is one of the top marketers in Europe, while Nissan is just a small player. Nissan is strong in trucks and luxury cars, and Renault is strong in small, mass-market cars. Even though the deal sounds great, it does not come risk-free. Many skeptics believe that the teaming up of two struggling automakers will not result in profitabilit... Free Essays on Renault & Nissan Joint Venture Free Essays on Renault & Nissan Joint Venture Since the 1980's, and even more now in the late nineties, it has become a growing trend for companies, both large and small, domestic and foreign, to form strategic alliances within their particular industries. There are many specific goals that companies may be looking to achieve by dong this, but the main underlying reason is to guarantee the long-term sustained achievement of "fast profitable growth" for their business. They have to keep up with a rapidly increasing diversified global market and increased competition. Renault and Nissan join forces to achieve profitable growth for both companies†¦ On Saturday, March 27th, it was announced that Renault, a French car manufacturer, would be teaming up with Nissan Motor Corporation in a $5.4 billion deal that created the world's fourth largest automaker. This deal gives Renault a 36.8% stake in Nissan, a company that has been struggling financially for the past few years. "The $5.4 billion deal between Renault and Nissan hands over effective control to the French automaker in exchange for badly needed cash" (Wwodruf). There are other agreements within the contract, but they will not be discussed in much detail at this time. Both of these corporations plan on benefiting from the merger. This alliance will resolve Nissans very substantial financial problems. Renault will be given the opportunity to join the automotive big leagues at a time of global expansion in the auto industry (Marks). Market expansion will be possible because Nissan is strong i n Japan, Taiwan, Thailand and North America- markets where Renault has no presence. On the other hand, Renault is one of the top marketers in Europe, while Nissan is just a small player. Nissan is strong in trucks and luxury cars, and Renault is strong in small, mass-market cars. Even though the deal sounds great, it does not come risk-free. Many skeptics believe that the teaming up of two struggling automakers will not result in profitabilit...

Criminal Evidence 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Criminal Evidence 9 - Essay Example The search and seizure laws are prescribed under the Reasonable Expectation of privacy. The right of the passenger was violated, and anything found cannot be used as evidence against the passenger (Creamer, 1980). In essence, I absolutely agree with the Supreme Court. According to the ruling held by the Court of Appeals, the search of a locked counsel of the automobile was unreasonable since the driver had allowed the officer to search only the inside of the vehicle. The court based its decision on the test held by the Florida Supreme court in the case between the state verses Wells 539 So. 2D 464, in which the court held that, an individual has two exceptional interests that must be safeguarded (Florida v. wells, 1990). In this case, it was held that, the locked console in the drivers car was an illustration that the contents were private, and if the officers wanted to access the locked counsel, they would have requested for the key or even use force to open it. Similarly, in our case scenario, it was impartially rational for the police officers to believe the driver’s consent to search only the inside of the vehicle and access everything inside the case, since they were not limited to search. Therefore, they had the consent to search even the brown paper bag. The evidence found should therefore be used against the defendant because the drugs were found inside the car with the drivers consent (Creamer,

Endometriosis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Endometriosis - Case Study Example However, the growth is less likely to be found in other areas such as the lungs. The misplaced tissues develop into growths that respond to the menstrual periods in a similar way as the uterine lining. Consequently, this allows blood to flow from these endometrial growths but cannot leave the body. Such an aspect subjects the person to internal bleeding, tissue breakdown and inflammations that can even cause infertility and bowel problems (Watson, 2007). Endometriosis differs from endometritis in various ways ranging from its causal effect, and the pathophysiology and its presentation on the affected organs. For instance, endometritis is an infection that occurs in the endometrium lining that may occur during a prolonged labor pains, uterine instrumentation or even a C-Section. It can be also be caused by sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhoea, chlamydia or a mix of the vaginal bacteria. These aspects make it differ from endometriosis that occurs as a response to hormones for tissue growth on the peritoneal cavity (Burrage and BSMO, 2013). The causal factor of endometriosis has remained unknown, however, for the endometritis it is caused by infections on the uterus. An individual with endometriosis may feel pain in their intestines, pelvic or even at their lower back. Additionally, they may experience pain during and after sexual play at the inner vaginal walls that may appear swollen. On the other hand, they may experience heavy menstrual cycles, or bleeding or spot between periods. This differs from endometritis in that the individual experiences abnormal vaginal discharges, with discomfort, swelling of their abdomen and pain in the pelvic region (Burrage and BSMO, 2013). While there is cure for endometritis that is subjected to antibiotics, endometriosis has no cure but there different treatments. The treatment for this female victim depends on the age and the intense of the pain associated with the endometriosis. If the patient

Writing to Persuade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Writing to Persuade - Essay Example 003, 22) Those who want the death penalty continued often make their arguments on the grounds of philosophical or psychological speculation stating, â€Å"The fact that a state can be just and apply the death penalty does not, of course, mean that the death penalty cannot be applied in error† (Sorell, 2002, 30). A more reality-based perspective is wanted when discussing the actual issue of the death penalty. Overall, the death penalty is not an effective deterrent to many crimes, including murder. Even though this is one of the main reasons given by its advocates, other conclusions make more rational sense. Murder, is most often done in the heat of passion or under the influence of drugs or alcohol. In this state, the person is not cognizant of the outcome of their actions; they are acting on impulse rather than planning out what they are doing. And most murders do happen this way. Those that do not are generally preplanned and worked out so that the perpetrator does not expect to receive any punishment at all. In neither of these cases is the murderer thinking of the death penalty: in the first case, they are not thinking of the future at all, and in the second, they are assuming they are not going to be caught. In both of these cases, the death penalty is not doing anything to stop the murder from happening; it is simply assuring that, to paraphrase Martin Luther King, an eye for an e ye is going to keep making the whole world blind. States that do not have the death penalty do not have greater murder rates than those that do. This exposes the practice as essentially barbaric and

The Problems Faced By Archaeologists in Reconstructing Anglo Saxon Society between the 5th And 7th Centuries from Anglo Saxon Cemetery Evidence Essay Example for Free

The Problems Faced By Archaeologists in Reconstructing Anglo Saxon Society between the 5th And 7th Centuries from Anglo Saxon Cemetery Evidence Essay Conquest of England by the Anglo Saxon began in middle of the 5th century. During this time Celts inhabited England and had been ruled by the Romans for more than 360 years. Due to the short lived rule by the roman, the roman civilization started to fade away hence left the most of the towns abandoned. This included most of the villas in the countryside and the Celts went back to live in hill forts and other protected wooden stockades. There was deliberate attempt by Arnold to explain the changes that dated from roman Britain to early Anglo-Saxon England based on an elite migration which is considered as a type of a late reception of processual archaeology as illustrated by Scull. There are a large number of ornaments found in a number of graves and what is so clear about them is that the origin of these ornament is definite in a given district or sate. Also these ornaments are clearly a descendant of the people of which these burial sites are from. Hence it can be conclusively be said that these people did obtain their ornaments right away from their own locality and not outside the district they live in. a problem will arise in deciding on the validity of the archaeological interpretation of the Anglo-Saxon conquest of Britain. Here, the owner of these ornaments is unclear as whether they are the Saxons, Angles or Romano-Britons who are the owners of these ornaments. Lethbrigde’s interpretation would help pin point the real owners of the artifacts and the material remain1. These were done with other archaeologists who in many ways faced a number of challenges. Some of these challenges included the following:               Ã‚  Reconstruction of clothing; there were variations noted on the dress fasteners in the women’s clothes. The clothes had one, two or three brooches that were worn in various positions on the chest and others on the shoulder. Dress-fastening for the men was limited to sleeve fasteners and buckles. Reconstructing clothing from this evidence meant that the range of dress fastening was dictated by a number of factors. These factors include social identity and the mode of display. It was further argued that the dress fasteners placed in graves may have been chosen on other reasons rather than the functional relationship to the garment being worn or the direct relationship of the grave clothing and the daily wear. The textiles of which we have knowledge about had been made into clothing. Though there is a possibility to reconstruct some of the clothing through the remains in graves by using the position of dress fasteners like buckles ( cook 1974; Bell 1981 ; Owen Crocker 1986) Damage of skeletons during excavation. The excavation of skeletons was exceedingly hard as a result of the conditions of the subsoil and dry weather. The skeletons were also not well preserved because of the circum-neutral pH of the local subsoil and the ploughing which later brought about disturbance. The subsoil surface was also experiencing compaction by the box scrappers. The hard and dry subsoil conditions meant that it was difficult to excavate and remove the skeletal remains without sustaining some damage. The removal of skeletons followed a certain process. The box scrapper could first reveal the site in an inadvertently manner and later the whole site cleaned with hoes. This was to be followed by base planning at 1:50 and then excavation by hand. The excavation was done by use of trowels, small chisels and brushes. The fully excavated skeletons in grave pits were then photographed in black and white and drawn at 1:10. The whole process seemed cumbersome and at the end no acc urate results could be sought. At times the burials sites were discovered accidentally hence damage of these artifacts and bones are more likely to happen with the use of metal detecting activities. The requirement of these archaeological studies is that the whole burial grounds should be intact to maximize data recovery process. Methods for protecting and close examination of statigraphy should have been in place. This would minimize the problem of retrieval and analysis of organic materials such as textiles. With the increasing human activities such as formal settlement and cultivation such burial sites are more prone to destruction and hence limited information base. Identification of (vertical status related) and horizontal (gender, age) social groupings. Understanding the physical conditions of the people in the Anglo Saxon was a big problem. Provision of reports on the age, physical height and the biological gender of the dead person and the time of death have only been achieved through the scientific analysis and improved technology. It was also impossible to have information on any signs of genetic traits and deformity or trauma present in the skeleton record. Transformation of these kinds of data into cultural interpretation remains a problem that need to be addressed. Evidence interpretation; Coming into an agreement upon realization of a notable phenomenon was another problem. Taking the case of the suspended floor model where various persons argued out on the purposes on various sections buildings, we see how each person tried to argue out. This argument hindered the ease of putting an all one agreed story on the Anglo Saxon. It leads to inclusion of argument from more than one person hence limiting the accuracy desired. There was an argument on the kind of floors that the vernacular buildings had and also an attempt to relate them to the 12th and 13th century buildings. The earliest surviving buildings which date to the late 12th and early 13th centuries do not have planked ground floors (Walker 2009) and so it will be remarkable if majority of the buildings in the 6th century England possessed them. Difficulty arose in an attempt to explain the validity of the pit as to whether it served as an air-space or not. Decisive evidence mainly on the subject matter about superstructure of Grubenhauser will tend to depend on factors of plausibility. Suspended floors could end up being elusive evidence. Grouped Grubenhauser archaeological features will tend to compromise more than one form of superstructure (West 1986; 116-21). This will in the end require re-evaluation that consists of a detailed study of the Grubenhaus fills to ascertain the artifacts in relation to the date and function of the structures. Re-evaluation is time consuming and costly, hence the study team will be forced to redo their study once more based on a given number of micro morphological studies to come up with exaction records. One notable example of misinterpretation of evidence id that of tertiary deposition of Grubenhaus fills that had little relationship with the use of the building. It brought out this contradictory evidence to the lime light and hence dispelling the notion of assuming little matter of great importance (Tipper, 2004:107) Location of the ancient cemeteries challenged the reconstruction of the Anglo Saxon society. Distinct boundaries where miscreants were disposed based on the customs which were never recorded and documented made it hard to identify areas to focus. The problem of Charters references to access places which exhibit patterns of local practice and dialect was also of big concern. There is a prevalent view that the local estates and the hundreds within which they were grouped are products of the late Anglo Saxon period1. This could be challenges by a series of execution sites with origins scientifically dated to the 7th century. Hence the territorial limits denied the archaeologists a chance of finding the near to exact places of carrying out their work. It proved a hard task to locate cemeteries as it required appreciation of the above ground appearance. This area as usual was characterized by mounds and mortuary houses the only problem arose on how these areas of dignity were maintained o ver time. Putting into record such phenomenon was a hard task for the study team for there existed little management evidence such as paths, internal divisions or vegetation or even buildings associated with burial sites. Other notable challenge was to contrast the difference between shrines as a form of cemetery structures and other mortuary houses (Hirst1985:24). Instances of cremation rendered the archeological study to be narrow; Some instances of the burials have indicated that there was close contact with the Roman culture. This can be exemplified by the right of inhumation which was practiced by the native Romanized population. Cremation was a common practice especially outside the empire5. As recorded y the different times of the AD200-400 in northern and central Europe. There was inconsistency in the differences presented by the Germanic graves. This further led to the much unnoticeable variance of the whole archeological results. Although in some areas burials of different orientations have been brought out in instance where there existed a large cemetery for example at Krefeld-Gellep, in Westphalia. In such instances careful examination of the artifacts and bones was needed in order to ascertain and draw analogies from the historical and ethnographic sources. (McKinley 1994:72-81; Williams 2004b). Cremation involved a sequence of materials practices and places, Williams 2001.this practice did reconfigu re the deed’s identity in many ways including burning the cadaver and treatment of ashes. As seen the most valuable evidence in the cinerary urns included the burnt bones, contrary to the statement the bones sometimes were absent suggesting a possibility that the practice took place without necessarily the body being present (Mckinely2003:11-12). There are notable fragmented remains in most of the urns and the end result is that they offer invaluable information to the study team. Although the positive thing about the remains includes giving information on such variable such as number of individuals present, age and sex. From the estimated weight and degree of fragmentation and also the colour of the bone pyre technology and post cremation aspects can be reconstructed easily (McKinley 1994:82-6). There has been revelation of a wide range of practices such as sacrificed animals placed on pyres. Wild animals such as fox and deer were the ones mostly used to offer sacrifice. Conclusion               Ã‚  As much as Anglo-Saxon religion is difficult to perceive, religion is an important aspect in our daily lives. This implies that religion can’t be ignored as it forms part of our fundamental shaping of our behaviors. There is need to have some level of local institutions that are charged with the sole responsibility of maintaining and running cultic sites such as cemeteries. The enhancement of the understanding of Anglo-Saxon religion will depend on the level of the various responses both social and political changes that aim to safeguard the past, present and the future history that is within the society. Closer exploration of the religious ecological context will tend to shed light on the understanding of the Pre-Christian paganisms. References Carver, (2005). Sutton Hoo. A seventh- Century princely burial ground and its context. London British Museum.Cemeteries such as Westerwanna in the Elbe-Weser region, Preetz in Holstein, Pritzier in Mecklenberg, Suderbrarup and Borgstedt in Schleswig, all consist virtually entirely of cremation; see C. Zimmer-Linnfeld, Westerwanna 1 (Hamburg, i960); J. Brandt, Das Urnengrdberfeld von Preetz in Holstein, Offa Bucher n.f. i6(Neumunster, i96o);E. Schuldt, Pritzier (Berlin, 1955); and A. Genrich, Formenkreise und Stammcsgruppen in Scbleswig-Holstein, Offa Bucher n.f. 10 (Neumunster, 1954). In central Europe this was also the general practice; see K. Godlowski, The Chronology of the Late Roman and Early Migration Periods in Central Europe (Cracow, 1970 Hook, D, (1998). The landscape of Anglo-Saxon England Leicester: Leicester university press Lethbrigde, TC, and PALMER W.M. (1929), Excavation in the Cambridge Dykes. VI Bran Ditch. Second report proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society 30:78-93. R. Pirling, Das romisch-frankische Graberfeld von Krefeld-Gellep, Germaniscbc Dtnkmakr der Volkervanderungszeit 2 (1966) and 8 (1974). Source document

Market mix and integrated marketing communication

Market mix and integrated marketing communication Marketing is the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customers requirements at the end of the day and also seeking a profit Marketing or marketing mix is traditionally classified into the 4Ps, namely Place, Product, promotion and price. Each of the 4Ps has an important role to play and each contribution help a business in promoting its product or service. 1.1 Elements of marketing mix, the 4Ps 1.1.1 Place This factor needs to be considered before or how the product will be able to reach in the hand of the consumer. In this case, there are different ways to make this possible, like manufacturer outlets, wholesalers and retails outlets. 1.1.2 Promotion Promotion is essential for creating awareness about a specific product or service. Traditionally promotion is done in order to inform the general population about a particular product, in terms of its features, quality, and benefits and so on. Above the line and below the line promotional methods can be applied. However, promotions require lots of finance. 1.1.3 Product Among the other 4Ps, it is the most important one, as its the one that will be able to satisfy the needs and wants of the consumers. Product will help a firm to differentiate its current range of product from those of other competitors. Brand loyalty can be obtained by the product itself as well as market share and consumers loyalty. 1.1.4 Price This P will determine the degree of value added by the firm to a particular product. Price will influenced revenue and profits levels of the firm. Price should be set in order to attract both the mass market and the niche market. 1.2 Evidences Referring to the case itself, the article is based on ECOWASH and the different marketing mix that have been applied are Product and Promotion. Evidence from the case in supporting the arguments; a new formulation of a washing up liquiddetergent is being produced, that is totally biodegrable. Due that, we can see that the concept of Product is being applied. This well describe the product of the article thus other facts are that, with the growing concerns of the consumers public about the ecology and the environment, Ecowash is the ideal one to choose. The product itself is environmentally friendly with the use of flowers and rainbows to symbolize nature. In this way, it is totally suitable to support Ecowash. Furthermore, product s not only the one apply in this article, promotion is also applied. As we know without promotion nothing can be possible. Therefore in order to make the public aware of the product, Ecowash, the marketing manager had advertised its product to the targeted market. Doing a packaging which is totally legal will be a good for the business. Task Two 25 marks (a)Explain in your own words what is meant by the use of integrated marketing communications. (10 marks) 2.0 Introduction of Integrated marketing communication Integrated marketing (IM) is a management strategy and meta-discipline focused on the organisation-wide optimisation of unique value for stakeholders. Although closely linked to integrated marketing communications (IMC), it should not be confused with it. Integrated marketing communications (IMC) is the integration of all marketing tools, approaches and resources within a company which maximizes impact on consumer mind and which results into maximum profits at a minimum cost. The aim behind IMC is to ensure consistency of message and the complementary use of media. Whereas IMC aims to ensure consistency of message and the complementary use of media, integrated marketing is concerned with the alignment and focus of the whole organization. 2.1 Benefits of IMC Integrated Marketing Communications Media advertising to multiple forms of communication Limited Internet access to 24/7 Internet availability and access to goods and services General-focus advertising and marketing to data-based marketing A manufacturer-dominated market to a retailer-dominated, consumer-controlled market Increased sales or benefits to the company Low agency accountability to greater agency accountability, particularly in advertising Mass media to more specialized media, which are centered on specific target audiences Table 1: shows the benefits of IMC 2.2 The two forms of IMC 2.2.1 Online marketing channels deals with the various facilities available in terms of technological facilities for different purposes. In this case some ideal forms can be search engine, pay per click, emails, banners and so on. 2.2.2 Offline marketing channels is the traditional way of promoting an issue or communicating something to the public. Some examples may include the traditional printing, newspapers, magazines, mail order, public relations, radios and television and other traditional methods. 2.3 Views A company can create his integrated marketing communication program by using all the elements of the marketing mix, like place, product, promotion and price. In order to know well the subject, an example can be form, Belch and Belch (2007). The concept of IMC had a great influence for them, basically the discuss the needs to establish communication and sales objective together, the way how sales objective have its relation to the corporate objective is in term of gaining a certain dollar sales volume, unit sold, market share and profile level. With the sales objective it provides a quantifiable and measurable benchmark for the promotional campaign. On the other hand, promotional efforts are not the only factor that influences sales. Critically evaluate the benefits to the marketing manager and their organization of using an integrated marketing communications mix. (15 marks) 3.0 Integrated Marketing Communications Integrated Marketing Communications is a term used to describe a holistic approach to marketing communication. It aims to ensure consistency of message and the complementary use of media. The concept includes online and offline marketing channels. Online marketing channels include any e-marketing campaigns or programs, from search engine optimization (SEO), pay-per-click, and affiliate, and email, banner to latest web related channels for webinar, blog, micro-blogging, RSS, podcast, and Internet TV. Offline marketing channels are traditional print (newspaper, magazine), mail order, public relations, industry relations, billboard, radio, and television. A company develops its integrated marketing communication programme using all the elements of the marketing mix (product, price, place, and promotion). 3.1 The benefits of IMC to the marketing manager and the organization are as follows: In order to gain all the benefits of IMC, it will have a positive impact on the organization and its image. First and foremost it can create lots of benefits like competitive advantage, boost up sales revenue as well as profits level, retained money for future investments, time factor and release the individuals of all his stress at work. In the corporate world communication is very essential in order to be in touch with all the different stages of productions. IMC wraps his communication principal with his customers, in order to help them able to move along the various stages concerning the buying process. This way also means that it will be able to promote the image of the business and the relationship with the customers. IMC may also act as a human resource manager, as he will enable to be in good relationship with its market. Doing so will be a way to bond customer loyalty on both a short term and a long term. The ability to keep a customer for life is a powerful tool as it will result into a competitive advantage for the business. Increased the profitability factor is also in the hand of IMC, meaning that in order to be profitable the business should effective. That is it should have a clear way to do communication. This should be done in such a way that it should not be distorted as single information may be communicated into another way. At another level, initial research suggests that images shared in advertising and direct mail boost both advertising awareness and mail shot responses. So IMC can boost sales by stretching messages across several communications tools to create more avenues for customers to become aware, aroused, and ultimately, to make a purchase. Finally, IMC saves money as it eliminates duplication in areas such as graphics and photography since they can be shared and used in say, advertising, exhibitions and sales literature. Agency fees are reduced by using a single agency for all communications and even if there are several agencies, time is saved when meetings bring all the agencies together for briefings, creative sessions, tactical or strategic planning. This reduces workload and subsequent stress levels. 3.2 Possible drawbacks of IMC Despite its many benefits, Integrated Marketing Communications, or IMC, has many barriers. Functional Silos Stifled Creativity Time Scale Conflicts Lack of Management know-how Drawbacks of IMC Table 2: drawbacks of IMC 3.3 Golden rules of IMC Senior Management Support Integrate At Different Levels of management Ensure the Design Manual Focus on a clear marketing communications strategy Start with a Zero Budget Think Customers First Build Relationships and Brand Values Good Marketing Information System Artwork search for the optimum communications mix Task 3 25 marks In your own words, explain what is meant by social marketing. (10 marks) 4.0 Introduction of Social Marketing Social marketing is the systematic application of marketing, along with other concepts and techniques, to achieve specific behavioral goals for a social good. Social marketing can be applied to promote merit goods, or to make a society avoid demerit goods and thus to promote societys well being as a whole. For example, this may include asking people not to smoke in public areas, asking them to use seat belts, or prompting to make them follow speed limits. Although social marketing is sometimes seen only as using standard commercial marketing practices to achieve non-commercial goals, this is an over-simplification. The primary aim of social marketing is social good, while in commercial marketing the aim is primarily financial. This does not mean that commercial marketers can not contribute to achievement of social good. Increasingly, social marketing is being described as having two parents-a social parent = social sciences and social policy, and a marketing parent = commercial and public sector marketing approaches. Beginning in the 1970s, it has in the last decade matured into a much more integrative and inclusive discipline that draws on the full range of social sciences and social policy approaches as well as marketing. Social marketing must not be confused with social media marketing. 4.1 History of social marketing Social marketing began as a formal discipline in 1971, with the publication of Social Marketing: An Approach to Planned Social Change in the Journal of Marketing by marketing experts Philip Kotler and Gerald Zaltman. However, earlier, social marketing had already been used as a tool for birth control in India, where a persuasion based approach was favored over a legislative approach. 4.2 Components of social marketing Components of social marketing Consumer orientation to realize organizational (social) goals Voluntary exchanges of goods and services between providers and consumers Research in audience analysis and segmentation strategies Management process that involves problem analysis, planning, implementation and feedback functions Use of formative research in product and message design and the pretesting of these materials Use of the marketing mix Analysis of distribution (or communication) channels Integrative and control functions Table 3: components of social marketing 4.3 Views of social marketing Social marketing uses the benefits and of doing social goods to secure and maintain customer engagement. Distinguishing features of social marketing is that primary focus on social good but secondary is not the case. Social marketing also implies that its not all public sectors and not-for-profit marketing is doing social marketing. Social marketing can used standard marketing techniques to promote their relevant services and organization goals. This can be very important but should not be confused with social marketing where the latter is focusing on achieving specific goals with the specific audiences in relation to different topics relevant to social good, for example: health, sustainability, recycling and so on. Social marketing applies a customer oriented approach and uses the concepts and tools used by commercial marketers in pursuit of social goals like Anti-Smoking-Campaigns or fund raising for NGOs. Is Ecowash a good example of social marketing? Fully justify your answer. (15marks) 5.0 Introduction of Social marketing Social marketing is the systematic application of marketing, along with other concepts and techniques, to achieve specific behavioral goals for a social good.[1] Social marketing can be applied to promote merit goods, or to make a society avoid demerit goods and thus to promote societys well being as a whole. For example, this may include asking people not to smoke in public areas, asking them to use seat belts, or prompting to make them follow speed limits. Although social marketing is sometimes seen only as using standard commercial marketing practices to achieve non-commercial goals, this is an over-simplification. The primary aim of social marketing is social good; while in commercial marketing the aim is primarily financial. This does not mean that commercial marketers can not contribute to achievement of social good. Increasingly, social marketing is being described as having two parents-a social parent = social sciences and social policy, and a marketing parent = commercial and public sector marketing approaches. Beginning in the 1970s, it has in the last decade matured into a much more integrative and inclusive discipline that draws on the full range of social sciences and social policy approaches as well as marketing. 5.1Referring to the case Ecowash is not an eco-friendly product. The reasons in saying so are as follows: it is not environmentally friendly, meaning that the Anglo-French company developments will affect the future generation. Doing so implies to disrespect the nature. Nowadays the world is developing at a rapid speed meaning that the rate of pollution is also developing at a rapid speed causing some natural problems like air pollution, water pollution and deforestation. In order to avoid it, it is better to be environmentally friendly. Referring to the case it is said that high-profile experts in the relevant field to conduct research to back-up their claims that Ecowash was truly a biodegradable, eco-friendly washing-up liquid/detergent this short statement implies that it is truly ecology but this is not the case. High sum of money was used to make this product eco-friendly. According to Advertising Standards Authority(ASA) he mention that Anglo-French have not been able to prove, demonstrate or support his claims that truly ecowash is a bridgeable product that would not affect the environment. The ASA stated in their report that Anglo-French were unable to show that their product was less harmful to the nature. Processing on the packaging of the product, it is said to be environmentally friendly but it is not the case. The reason is such that both the consumer association and national consumer council expressed concerns in their reports. He is said that the business needs to review its rules regarding the product packaging. in order to be environmentally friendly the firms should adopt ht e concept of nature logos like flowers, rainbows and so on. Task 4 30 marks (a) You have been asked by your marketing manager to write a short briefing document for him/her, explaining the differences between regulations in terms of the various codes of practice, and legislation in terms of legal acts of law as they affects marketers and marketing today. (15 marks) 6.0 Regulation and Legislation Regulation is controlling human or societal behavior by rules or restrictions. Regulation can take many forms: legal restrictions promulgated by a government authority, self-regulation by an industry such as through a trade association, social regulation (e.g. norms), co-regulation and market regulation. One can consider regulation as actions of conduct imposing sanctions (such as a fine). This action of administrative law, or implementing regulatory law, may be contrasted with statutory or case law. Regulations are requirements that can come in many forms. They may be industry specific regulations such as the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), which addresses health care organizations. Regulations may also be wider in scope for example, the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA). Regulations are the formal requirements that an organization must follow. Regulations can be either internally or externally generated, monitored, or enforced. Regulation refers to a specific requirement that can take on various forms, such as industry specific regulation or regulations that are much broader in scope. They are the way the legislation is enforced by regulators and they support the requirements of the legislation. In industry, they specify the particular formal (legal) requirements that need to be followed by organizations, workers and employers alike to create a level playing field within the competitive environment of the organizations as well as within a particular organization. This is so because regulations address product safety, consumer protection and other factors in public interest. The thing with regulations is that they could either be internally or externally developed so as a means of compliance, they may be developed through technical specifications or may be through some standards in the private sector. Legislation may be defined as the various codes of safety that must be applied to a particular product or services that will be delivering to the general public. Legislation is carried out to ensure the buyer or consumers that the product is fully useable and fully been produced according to the procedures that the company have mention in his given instructions on the specific product or service. Legislation is classified into different ways according to laws of different countries around the world. In other words, legislation refers to all the listed laws of the government about the world of trading. Legislation is an external directive that places specific requirements on a particular industry. It must be met in order for the business to be legally compliant. Legislation is put into place by the government. Legislation is typically an external driver, unless, of course, you are part of the government organization creating the legislation. Legislation is a directive placed by a gove rnment or governing body on either an industry, a section of community or placed on people of a country which must be complied with in order to remain within the legal boundaries of that particular country, community or industry. In industry, legislation acts as an external driver which must be met by all players in order to be compliant. Legislation is passed as laws by a parliament of a country or some other legislative arm of a government. After legislation is passed, there will be regulators, usually government bodies, who will examine the laws passed and work out the details that need to be enforced so that they are followed. For instance a parliament may pass a legislation that enforces a uniform interconnection fee for telecommunication service providers in a country, and then a government department (regulator) of communications will detail the nitty-gritty of the legislation and enforce it. At times before a part of legislation becomes a law, it may be referred to as a bill. Some countries require legislation to be validated by the executive (usually President) before it could be enforced as law. Commonly a member of the governing body or legislature will propose legislation or by the executive, which then becomes open for debate by legislators. Amendments are usually made before it is finally passed. Government legislative priorities often determine whether a given bill is proposed and enforced as law. Critically evaluate regulation against legislation in term of its positive and negative effects upon marketing. (15 marks) 7.0 Introduction of regulation Regulation mandated by a state attempts to produce outcomes which might not otherwise occur, produce or prevent outcomes in different places to what might otherwise occur, or produce or prevent outcomes in different timescales than would otherwise occur. In this way, regulations can be seen as implementation artifacts of policy statements. Common examples of regulation include controls on market entries, prices, wages, Development approvals, pollution effects, employment for certain people in certain industries, standards of production for certain goods, the military forces and services. The economics of imposing or removing regulations relating to markets is analyzed in regulatory economics. 7.1 Introduction of legislation Legislation is a directive placed by a government or governing body on either an industry, a section of community or placed on people of a country which must be complied with in order to remain within the legal boundaries of that particular country, community or industry. In industry, legislation acts as an external driver which must be met by all players in order to be compliant. Legislation is passed as laws by a parliament of a country or some other legislative arm of a government. After legislation is passed, there will be regulators, usually government bodies, who will examine the laws passed and work out the details that need to be enforced so that they are followed. 7.2 Advantages of legislation A set of different laws is set by the government in order to protect the fight of the product as well as the right of the buyer and other associated parties. It contains a range of laws such the business names act 1985 trading names. Under this act, it is states that it is important to let your costumer know in what the business is specialize. Consumer Protection Act 1987 If a trader identifies a pricing error at the time of sale, they do not have to serve the customer. Â  If the product is sold to the customer, it must be at the price the customer has seen. Â  It is illegal to overcharge or use misleading or unfair price comparisons. Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 The Regulations introduces a general duty not to trade unfairly and seek to ensure that traders act honestly and fairly towards their customers. Â  They apply primarily to business to consumer practices (but elements of business to business practices are also covered where they affect, or are likely to affect, consumers). 7.2 Disadvantages of legislation Certain laws may be biased as nowadays the law tends to change at a rapid speed. Some people may not know how they might be help with these laws. Some companies do not follow those rules to the letter as they have the tendency to mislead their products in order to boost up sales and to obtain a part of share on the market. Being a decision taken by the government, sometime it might be wrong and we may see its result in the near future. 7.3 Advantages of regulation It is laws that the government have put in order to provide a good running of the country. Common examples are in term of price, wages, development approvals, pollution effects, employment, goods and services that will have a direct impact on the economic of the country. 7.4 Disadvantages of regulation It will have a direct impact on the customers; if ever the firm does so then it will have impacts like market failures, society, endogenous preferences and so on. 7.5 Views It is better to go forward with the concept of regulation. Task 5 10 marks Do you believe that a code of practice for packaging would work and be adhered to by manufactures? From what has been explained to you do you believe that all three parties; manufactures, consumers bodies and government could agree upon a workable code of practice for packaging. Justify your own views? 8.0 Introduction of Packaging Packaging is the science, art and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells. In many countries it is fully integrated into government, business, and institutional, industrial, and personal use. 8.1 How packaging will be adhered to the three parties In a business term, these three parties is referring to the concept of stakeholders, as we know stakeholders is a person or a group of persons that will influenced or is influenced by the running of the business. 8.1.1 Manufacturers This party will be able to think ecologically for his business, meaning that he will need to apply environmentally packages in order to reduce its impact in the nature. The waste management system should in terms of reducing both quantitative and qualitative prevention, re-use, recycling, energy recovery and disposal. 8.1.2 Consumers bodies He should be able to buy in bulk as customers likes to buy in small quantity which results into lot of plastic items. It should be environmentally useable, thus the buyer may be able to reuse this same thing again and again. 8.1.3 Government He needs to put strong rules and regulation regarding this matter. He should encourage firms to start adopting eco-packaging. This will have less impact on the nature and on the other side it will act as a way to do sustainable development for the future generation.